Table of Content

31 July 2026, Volume 31 Issue 7

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Liver Fibrosis and Cirrhosis

The construction and evaluation of a predictive model for recompensation in decompensated patients with alcoholic hepatitis related-cirrhosis

Xu Danqing, Sa Caifen, Mou Chunyan, Li Wenyan, Mu Huan, Liu Li, Zhang Yingyuan

2026, 31(7):  948-953. 

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Objective To study on the influencing factors of recompensation in patients with decompensated alcoholic liver cirrhosis, and to establish and evaluate a predictive model. Methods A total of 91 patients in the decompensated stage of liver cirrhosis who were admitted to the Third People′s Hospital of Kunming were included in this study. By reviewing the patients′ data, those without portal hypertension-related complications for at least one year were classified into the recompensation group (n=25), while the others were classified into the persistent decompensation group (n=66). The clinical data of all patients were collected. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analyze the factors that might affect recompensation. The "rms" package was used to establish a nomogram risk prediction model. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test was used to evaluate the model′s goodness of fit, and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) was drawn to calculate the area under the curve (AUC). The "Calibration Curves" package was used to draw calibration curves, and the "rmda" package was used to draw clinical decision curves and clinical impact curves to evaluate the risk prediction model. Results The results of univariate Cox regression analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences between the re-compensation group and the persistent decompensation group in terms of medical history, abdominal fluid classification, AST, ALT, IL-6, portal vein flow velocity, and splenic vein width (all P values < 0.05). The results of multivariate regression analysis showed that abdominal fluid classification (no abdominal fluid HR=14.930, P=0.010, small amount of abdominal fluid HR=10.665, P=0.023, moderate to large amount of abdominal fluid, P=0.034), ALT (HR=1.012, P=0.006), and IL-6 (HR=0.975, P=0.012) were independent influencing factors for re-compensation in patients with alcoholic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis in the decompensated stage. A nomogram model was constructed using these three influencing factors, and the Hosmer-Lemesho test showed that the model had good fit (χ²=11.592, P=0.170). The area under the AUC of the model was 0.752, with a sensitivity of 57.6% and a specificity of 84.0%. The calibration curve showed that the model had good consistency in predicting the occurrence of re-compensation. The clinical decision curve and clinical impact curve showed that the model had good clinical practicability within a certain threshold range. Conclusion Patients in the decompensated stage of alcoholic hepatitis related cirrhosis with less ascites volume and higher ALT level are more likely to achieve re-compensation, while patients with high IL-6 level are less likely to achieve re-compensation.

An analysis on the predicting factors of progressive liver fibrosis (≥F3) in autoimmune hepatitis patients

Sun Wei, Yu Hong, Dou Jing, Wang Zhuanguo, Ning Zhonghui, Wang Xiaobo, Palida Palahati, Wang Xiaozhong, Guo Feng

2026, 31(7):  954-957. 

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Objective Identify the clinical predictors of advanced hepatic fibrosis (≥F3 stage) in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) through retrospective cohort analysis, and to provide evidence for early risk stratification and intervention. Methods The clinical data of 113 AIH inpatients admitted to the department of hepatology, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between November 2021 and June 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Parameters including demographic characteristics, liver function indices of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT), albumin (Alb), serological markers of Immunoglobulin G (IgG), blood platelet (PLT) and non-invasive fibrosis scores including Fibrosis 4 score (FIB-4), AST to platelet ratio index (APRI), GGT-to-platelet ratio (GPR). Based on histopathological staging, patients were categorized into an advanced fibrosis (≥F3, n=47) and a non-advanced fibrosis (<F3, n=66) groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the independent predictors of advanced hepatic fibrosis. Results Female patients comprised 87.0% (98/113) of the cohort, with a mean age of 51.8±10.0 years. The prevalence of advanced fibrosis was 41.6%. The advanced fibrosis group exhibited significantly lower platelet counts (PLT: 143.00 [98.00~196.00]×10⁹/L, P<0.05) and albumin levels (Alb: 33.57 [29.10~38.60]g/L, P<0.05), alongside elevated FIB-4 (5.57 [3.58~11.16], P<0.05) and APRI scores (3.77 [1.90~7.65], P<0.05). Multivariate analysis identified PLT (OR=0.991, 95% CI: 0.984~0.998, P=0.014) and ALB (OR=0.900, 95% CI: 0.820~0.988, P=0.027) as independent predictors of advanced fibrosis, suggesting that thrombocytopenia and hypoalbuminemia were associated with accelerated fibrogenesis. Conclusion Platelet count and albumin levels may serve as potential biomarkers for advanced hepatic fibrosis progression in AIH patients. Dynamic monitoring of these parameters could facilitate early identification of high-risk populations and optimization of individualized therapeutic strategies.

Follow-up analysis of clinical efficacy and safety of patients with hepatitis C cirrhosis receiving different DAAs

Li Man, Wang Rui, Wang Miaomiao, Wang Chunfu, Du Qian

2026, 31(7):  958-961. 

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Objective To compare the clinical data of patients with chronic hepatitis C cirrhosis (CHCC) treated with different direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs), and evaluate their efficacy and safety. Methods 114 patients with CHCC admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from January 2022 to June 2024 were included. The DAAs regimens adopted included sofebuvir combined with ribavirin (SOF group), sofebuvir, ledepavir combined with ribavirin (SOF+LDV group) and sofebuvir and daclatasir combined with ribavirin (SOF+DCV group). The therapeutic effects, blood biochemical parameters before and after treatment, and adverse reactions of each group were compared. Results In the SOF+LDV group and the SOF+DCV group, the early virological response, end-of-treatment virological response and sustained virology response were all 100%, significantly higher than those in the SOF group (37.5%, 33.3%, and 31.2%, respectively; P<0.05). Compared with the SOF group [(1.7±0.5) lg IU/mL, (38.5±4.4) U/L, (37.2±4.3) U/L, and (13.2±2.3) kPa], the SOF+LDV group [(1.2±0.4) lg IU/mL, (32.4±4.7) U/L, (32.0±4.9) U/L, and (11.0±2.8) kPa] and the SOF+DCV group [(1.1±0.6) lg IU/mL, (31.7±5.0) U/L, (32.7±6.1) U/L, and (10.4±3.0) kPa] showed statistically significant differences (P<0.05). All adverse events occurred within 2 weeks of treatment and resolved spontaneously. No statistically significant difference was observed in the incidence of adverse events among the groups (χ²=0.349, P>0.05). Conclusion SOF+LDV and SOF+DCV have higher virological response rate and more significant improvement of liver function in patients with CHCC, and their safety is good. The research results provide an important basis for the application of DAAs in patients with CHCC, and provide a reference for the selection of treatment schemes in clinical practice.

The serum AFP, AFP-L3, and PIVKA-Ⅱ levels in patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis and their relationship with the occurrence of liver cancer

Zhang Jiaojiao, Han Ning, Xue Caimei

2026, 31(7):  962-965. 

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Objective This study aimed to investigate the serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), alpha-fetoprotein isoform (AFP-L3), and protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-Ⅱ (PIVKA-Ⅱ) in patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis and to analyze their relationship with the occurrence of liver cancer. Methods This retrospective study included 245 patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis admitted to our hospital between January 2015 and December 2019. The patients were followed up for 4 years. Based on the follow-up outcomes, they were divided into a liver cancer group (37 cases) and a liver cirrhosis group (208 cases). Compare the levels of serum AFP, AFP-L3 and PIVKA-Ⅱ in the two groups of patients. The predictive performance was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and the independent risk factors were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Results The levels of serum AFP, AFP-L3 and PIVKA-Ⅱ in the liver cancer group were (198.65 ± 59.47) ng/mL, (21.86 ± 3.22)% and (385.75 ± 91.63) mAU/mL respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the liver cirrhosis group [(25.26 ± 8.37) ng/mL, (7.24 ± 1.95)% and (56.92 ± 15.26) mAU/mL respectively, P<0.05]. The areas under the curves for predicting the occurrence of liver cancer by serum AFP, AFP-L3, and PIVKA-Ⅱ alone and in combination were 0.849, 0.866, 0.763, and 0.941, respectively; the sensitivities were 0.761, 0.789, 0.737, and 0.842, respectively; and the specificities were 0.779, 0.794, 0.750, and 0.868, respectively (P<0.05). The results of the logistic regression analysis indicated that for patients with hepatitis B-related liver cirrhosis, serum AFP, AFP-L3, and PIVKA-Ⅱ were independent risk factors for the occurrence of liver cancer (P<0.05). Conclusion For patients with hepatitis B-related liver cirrhosis, elevated levels of serum AFP, AFP-L3 and PIVKA-Ⅱ can increase the risk of liver cancer. Monitoring these three serum markers is helpful in identifying high-risk individuals for liver cancer occurrence.

A predictive model for acute kidney injury in liver cirrhotic patients based on LASSO regression

Zhu Chunlan, Cao Yaqin, Chen Xufeng

2026, 31(7):  966-970. 

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Objective To develop a predictive model for acute kidney injury (AKI) in liver cirrhosis patients within 7 days of hospitalization, and to identify independent risk factors for AKI, and offer evidence for early clinical identification of high-risk patients and intervention strategy development. Methods A total of 157 liver cirrhosis patients admitted from January 2023 to October 2025 were retrospectively enrolled in the 904 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the People′s Liberation Army. They were divided into an AKI group (n=69) and a non-AKI group (n=88) based on AKI occurrence within 7 days of hospitalization. Clinical features and laboratory parameters were gathered and analyzed comparatively across groups. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was employed to identify potential risk factors, and the screened variables were in turn analyzed through multivariate logistic regression to ascertain independent risk factors. A predictive model was further constructed, and the effectiveness of this model was evaluated by means of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and corresponding area under the curve (AUC). Results Univariate analyses revealed marked intergroup disparities in age, Child-Pugh classification, incidence of ascites and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, rate of diuretic administration, as well as multiple laboratory parameters (white blood cell count, serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate, procalcitonin), with all variations achieving statistical significance (P<0.05). LASSO regression identified four key variables including age, hemoglobin, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and serum creatinine. Multivariate logistic regression confirmed age (OR=1.180, 95%CI:1.034-1.347) and serum creatinine (OR=1.072, 95%CI:1.015-1.132) as independent AKI risk factors (P<0.05), while hemoglobin (OR=0.909, 95%CI:0.841~0.982) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (OR=0.921, 95%CI:0.871~0.974) were independent protective factors (P<0.05). The combined model achieved an AUC of 0.972 (95%CI:0.940~1.000) with 97.1% sensitivity and 95.5% specificity, outperforming individual indicators. Conclusion The LASSO-derived combined model effectively forecasts 7-day AKI risk among cirrhotic patients. Age, serum creatinine, hemoglobin and estimated glomerular filtration rate act as pivotal predictive indicators, facilitating timely clinical vigilance and tailored intervention to optimize patient prognosis.

Liver Tumor

An evaluation of the diagnostic value of FIB/PT ratio for patients with primary liver cancer

Xiao Ling, Ran Songlin, Bai Xiaoxia, Lei Nana, Chen Zhiyong

2026, 31(7):  971-974. 

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Objective The aim of this study was to explore the diagnostic value of fibrinogen to prothrombin time ratio (FIB/PT) for patients with primary liver cancer. Methods The clinical data of patients with liver cirrhosis (n=168) and liver cancer (n=175) were collected in the Central Hospital of Suizhou (Suizhou Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine) from July 2018 to July 2022. The differences in demography and clinical characteristics between the two groups were compared. And the variables with independent diagnostic value for liver cancer were selected by Logistic regression analysis. The above samples were randomly divided into a training group (n=232) and a validation group (n=111). The differences in the patient constituent ratio, age, gender, fibrinogen (FIB), prothrombin time (PT), FIB/PT, and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) between the two groups were compared. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of FIB/PT and AFP for liver cancer. Results There were significant differences in gender, age, FIB, PT, FIB/PT, and AFP levels between the liver cirrhosis and liver cancer groups (P<0.05). Single factor logistic regression analysis showed that age, gender, FIB, PT, FIB/PT, and AFP were all risk factors associated with liver cancer from simply cirrhosis (P<0.05), with OR (95% CI) of 1.021 (1.000~1.041),1.842 (1.157~2.932),1.014 (1.011~1.017), 0.597 (0.523~0.683), 1.172 (1.132~1.212), and 1.005 (1.003~1.007), respectively; multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, FIB/PT, and AFP were independent risk factors associated with liver cancer (P<0.05), with OR (95%CI) of 1.036 (1.005~1.068), 1.199 (1.148~1.253), and 1.004 (1.006~1.008), respectively. There was no significant difference in patient constituent ratio, age, gender, FIB, PT, FIB/PT, and AFP between the training group and the validation group (P>0.05).The Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC (AUROC) (95%CI) of FIB/PT in the training group and the validation group were 0.829 (0.776~0.881) and 0.892 (0.834~0.950) respectively, those of AFP were 0.776 (0.714~0.839) and 0.752 (0.660~0.844) respectively. The sensitivity of FIB/PT was 74.6% and 78.9% respectively, and those of AFP was 53.4% and 50.9% respectively. The specificity of FIB/PT was 77.2% and 83.3% respectively, and those of AFP was 95.6% and 94.4%, respectively. The accuracy of FIB/PT was 75.9% and 81.1%, and those of AFP was 74.1% and 72.1%, respectively. Conclusion FIB/PT shown good diagnostic value for liver cancer in these cohorts, which is comparable or even superior to AFP.    

The expression of SOCS2 in hepatocellular carcinoma and its effects on the proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma

Han Junni, Lei Yaozhen, Geng Chaomeng, Fang Le

2026, 31(7):  975-979. 

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Objective To investigate the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its effects on the proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis of HCC. Methods A total of 40 pathological samples of HCC removed by surgery were collected. The expression difference of SOCS2 between cancer tissue and paracancerous tissue was detected by Western blot. In addition, 40 healthy physical examination population were collected, and the difference of serum SOCS2 levels between HCC patients and healthy controls were compared. The HCC cell lines (MHCC97H, HepG2, Huh-7, Hep3B) and normal liver cell line L02 were cultured in vitro, and the expression levels of SOCS2 in the lines were detected by Western blot. The MHCC97H cell line was selected for SOCS2 expression knockdown experiment, and the Hep3B cell was selected for SOCS2 over-expression experiment. The effects of SOCS2 expression changes on the expression levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition related proteins, proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells were observed by Western blot, clone formation, scratch and Transwell experiments, respectively. Subsequently, the treated HCC cells were co-cultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells to observe the effects of SOCS2 expression changes on HCC angiogenesis. Results Compared with the paracancerous tissues, the expression level of SOCS2 was decreased in HCC cancerous tissues (0.31±0.14 vs. 0.71±0.10, t=13.079, P<0.001). Similarily, compared with L02 cells (0.88±0.04), the expression level of SOCS2 was decreased in HCC cell lines (MHCC97H: 0.63±0.03, Hep3B: 0.31±0.03, Huh7: 0.38±0.02, HepG2: 0.48±0.02) (F=198.600, P<0.001). Compared with healthy people, the SOCS2 levels in the serum of HCC patients were decreased (16.24±7.95 ng/L vs. 37.85±10.17 ng/L, t=10.590, P<0.001). Knockdown of SOCS2 expression led to enhanced proliferation (69.33±4.04 vs. 122.00±11.14, t=7.700, P=0.002), migration (70.36%±2.08% vs. 92.00%±1.73%, t=13.860, P<0.001), and invasion (259.33±12.22 vs. 390.00±21.07, t=9.297, P<0.001) abilities of MHCC97H cells, with increased levels of Vimentin (0.52±0.04 vs. 0.83±0.02, t=18.402, P<0.001) and N-cadherin (0.61±0.03 vs. 0.93±0.03, t=13.867, P<0.001), and decreased levels of E-cadherin (0.42±0.03 vs. 0.11±0.02, t=17.762, P<0.001) and ZO-1 (0.33±0.02 vs. 0.15±0.01, t=13.754, P<0.001). Overexpression of SOCS2 led to decreased proliferative (86.67±5.69 vs. 46.33±8.51, t=6.828, P=0.002), migratory (94.03%±1.71% vs. 72.50%±2.18%, t=12.770, P<0.001), and invasive (327.67±20.11 vs. 206.00±17.06, t=7.992, P=0.001) ability of Hep3B cells, decreased levels of Vimentin (0.42±0.02 vs. 0.14±0.02, t=22.451, P<0.001) and N-cadherin (0.53±0.02 vs. 0.20±0.03, t=16.810, P<0.001), and increased levels of E-cadherin (0.30±0.03 vs. 0.70±0.03, t=15.904, P<0.001) and ZO-1 (0.23±0.02 vs. 0.62±0.03, t=19.402, P<0.001). Knockdown of SOCS2 expression led to enhanced angiogenesis ability of HCC (total tube length: 12 566.67±632.76 μm vs. 15 102.27±265.06 μm, t=6.402, P=0.003; branch point number: 130.00±3.00 vs. 151.33±4.16, t=7.201, P=0.002), and overexpression of SOCS2 led to decreased angiogenesis ability of HCC (total tube length: 15 226.44±1 047.37 μm vs. 11 124.58±936.63 μm, t=5.057, P=0.007; branch point number: 136.00±3.61 vs. 106.72±4.04, t=9.487, P<0.001). Conclusion The expression level of SOCS2 is decreased in HCC, and its over-expression can inhibit the proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis of HCC cells.

The value of a combined use of color Doppler ultrasound blood flow parameters and contrast-enhanced ultrasound in differentiating benign and malignant hepatic focal lesions

Chen Xianyan, Zhou Jing, Deng Jiaqi, Tan Chunmei, Yu Xianmei, Du Jian

2026, 31(7):  980-983. 

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Objective To investigate the value of combining color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) blood flow parameters with contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) parameters in differentiating benign from malignant hepatic focal lesions. Methods A total of 126 patients with histopathologically confirmed hepatic focal lesions admitted to our hospital from January 2022 to January 2025 were selected. The patients were divided into a benign group and a malignant group based on their pathological findings. All patients underwent both CDUS and CEUS examinations. Blood flow parameters and CEUS parameters were compared between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors for malignant lesions, and the diagnostic efficacy of combining CDUS with CEUS in differentiating benign from malignant lesions was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results In this study, among 126 patients with focal liver lesions, malignant lesions accounted for 54.76% (69/126). In the malignant group, the resistive index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), peak systolic velocity (PSV), perfusion index in contrast-enhanced ultrasound (PI-CEUS), and enhancement slope (ES) were 0.88±0.30, 1.70±0.41, (21.09±3.60) cm/s, (28.70±3.26) dB, and 1.82±0.57 respectively, all of which were significantly higher than those in the benign group. The time to peak (TTP) and enhancement time (ET) in the malignant group were (26.22±3.09) seconds and (19.61±2.80) seconds respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the benign group (all P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that increased RI, PSV, and ES were independent risk factors for malignant lesions (OR>1, P<0.05), while increased TTP and ET were independent protective factors (OR<1, P<0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated that the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of combined conventional Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for differentiating benign and malignant lesions were 91.3%, 98.2%, and 0.974, respectively. Conclusion Combining CDUS blood flow parameters with CEUS perfusion parameters can effectively differentiate benign from malignant hepatic focal lesions, thus providing a reliable basis for clinical diagnosis.

Predictive value of MRI texture parameters in hepatocellular carcinoma for early recurrence after TACE treatment

Liu Wei, Wang Jie, Chen Zhixi, Liu Xianguo

2026, 31(7):  984-988. 

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Objective To analyze the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) texture parameters in predicting the early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after TACE. Methods Retrospective analysis was used to collect the clinical data of 142 HCC patients (admitted to Hospital 363 from 2019 to 2023), all of whom were treated with TACE. They were divided into two groups according to whether there was a relapse in the early stage after treatment (relapse group and the non-recurrence group). MRI texture parameters and other clinical data were compared between the two groups, and the efficacy of MRI texture parameters in predicting early recurrence after TACE treatment was analyzed. Results The recurrence rate of 142 HCC patients was 51.41% (73/142). The arterial phase deviation [(0.45±0.12) vs. (0.25±0.05)], entropy [(5.45±0.56) vs. (4.87±0.40)], alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) > 400 ng/mL (58.90% vs. 36.23%), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) > 40 IU/L (34.25% vs. 17.39%), and albumin ≤35 g/L (65.75% vs. 40.58%) were higher than those in the non-recurrence group, and the entropy in the venous recurrence group [(4.90±0.50) vs. (5.20±0.65)] was lower than that in the non-recurrence group (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that all the above factors except ALT influencd the early recurrence after TACE, and the increase of entropy in venous phase was the protective factor (arterial phase deviation and entropy, AFP>400 ng/mL, albumin ≤35 g/L, venous phase entropy OR=1.994, 1.363, 1.782, 1.887, 0.869, all P<0.05). ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of MRI texture parameters combined with arterial phase skewness, arterial phase entropy and venous phase entropy predicted early recurrence after TACE in HCC patients was 0.852, which was higher than that of single detection (P<0.05). Conclusion Increased arterial skewness and entropy, and decreased entropy in venous phase are factors reflecting early recurrence after TACE treatment, and have predictive value in early recurrence.

The clinical efficacy and safety assessment of lenvatinib and PD-1 inhibitors combined with TACE-HAIC in the treatment of primary liver cancer

Zhang Heng, Zou Ling, Li Jie, Liu Zhaohong, Zhang Zaihua, Yin Dengju

2026, 31(7):  989-993. 

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Objective To analyze the clinical efficacy and safety of lenvatinib (abbreviated as Len in the group) and PD-1 inhibitor combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (TACE-HAIC) in the treatment of primary liver cancer (PLC). Methods A total of 84 patients with middle and advanced primary liver cancer treated from December 2022 to September 2024 at Pangang Group General Hospital were selected. Among them, 49 patients (58.33%) treated with Len+PD-1+TACE-HAIC were included in the observation group, and 35 patients (41.67%) treated with Len+TACE were included in the control group. Clinical data of the two groups were collected and analyzed to compare adverse reactions, efficacy, and survival after different treatment methods. Results There were no significant differences in general information such as gender, age, BMI, Child-Pugh score, history of TACE, history of hepatitis, metastasis, and family history between the observation group and the control group (P>0.05). However, there was a significant difference in the maximum diameter of the tumor, with the observation group having a significantly larger maximum tumor diameter than the control group [(6.12±1.42)cm vs. (5.22±1.20)cm, P=0.003]. According to the follow-up data, the overall survival (OS) of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.001), and the progression-free survival (PFS) of the observation group was significantly longer than that of the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the overall response rate and disease control rate after treatment in the observation group were higher than that of the control group: 38.78% vs. 25.71% and 95.92% vs. 71.43%, respectively. Conclusion The combination of lenvatinib, PD-1 inhibitors, and TACE-HAIC can effectively control the progression of primary liver cancer, extend the survival time of patients, and has a good safety profile.

Relationship between E2F8 and PKD1 expressions in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and clinicopathological features, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and prognosis

Wang Peng, Feng Naxin, Liu Zeyang, Pang xin

2026, 31(7):  994-999. 

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Objective To investigate the relationship between E2F transcription factor 8 (E2F8) and protein kinase D1 (PKD1) expressions in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and clinicopathological features, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and prognosis. Methods 89 patients with primary liver cancer were admitted to Baoding Second Hospital from October 2018 to October 2021 were selected. The specimens of cancer tissues and adjacent tissues resected during operation were collected. E2F8, PKD1 protein and EMT related indicators [epithelial cadherins (E-cadherin), N cadherin (N-cadherin), vimentin (Vimentin)] were detected by immunohistochemical method. The correlation between E2F8, PKD1 protein expressions and EMT related indicators was analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis. Survival curves of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with different E2F8 and PKD1 protein expressions were drawn by Kaplan-Meier method, and the prognostic factors of patients with primary liver cancer were analyzed by Cox proportional risk model. Results Compared with adjacent tissues, the positive expression rates of E2F8 protein (59.55% vs. 33.71%), PKD1 protein (52.81% vs. 25.84%), N-cadherin protein (69.66% vs. 34.83%) and Vimentin protein (65.17% vs. 30.34%) in cancer tissues were increased (P<0.05), and the positive expression rates of E-cadherin protein (25.84% vs. 66.29%) were decreased (P<0.05).The E2F8 and PKD1 protein expressions were related to the degree of differentiation, CNLC stage and vascular invasion (P<0.05). The positive expression rates of E2F8 and PKD1 proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues of CNLC stage Ⅲa, low differentiation and vascular invasion were higher (P<0.05). E2F8 and PKD1 protein expressions in primary liver cancer tissues were negatively correlated with E-cadherin protein,positively correlated with N-cadherin and Vimentin protein (P<0.05). The 3-year overall survival rate of patients with E2F8 and PKD1 protein positive expression was lower than those of patients with E2F8 and PKD1 protein negative expression (45.28% vs. 60.61%, 44.68% vs. 58.97%; P<0.05). CNLC stage Ⅲa, positive E2F8 protein expression and positive PKD1 protein expression were risk factors for poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma patients (P<0.05). Conclusion The increased positive expression rates of E2F8 and PKD1 proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma are closely related to malignant clinicopathological features and EMT, which are risk factors for poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients.

The efficacy of raltitrexed combined with oxaliplatin in transarterial chemoembolization for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

Sun Yin, Zhao Jiayun, Hu Zhou, Zeng Xiaochuan, Luo Xiaofeng

2026, 31(7):  1000-1003. 

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Objective To investigate the efficacy of raltitrexed combined with oxaliplatin in transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods A total of 104 patients with unresectable HCC were enrolled in Jingmen Central Hospital between January 2019 and January 2023. They were randomly divided into two groups (n=52 each) using a random number table. The control group received pirarubicin+oxaliplatin TACE, while the observation group received raltitrexed+oxaliplatin TACE. Treatment was administered every 3 weeks for a total of 4 cycles. Adverse reactions during treatment were recorded. All patients were followed up for 2 years to assess progression-free survival (PFS) and survival rates. Results The total effective rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Post-treatment tumor marker levels in the observation group were (AFP: 104.5 ± 12.2) ng/mL, (CEA: 16.4 ± 2.3) ng/mL, and (CA19-9: 25.2 ± 3.5) U/mL, all of which were significantly lower than those in the control group, while liver function indices showed greater improvement (P<0.05 for all comparisons). The incidence of treatment-related adverse reactions was lower than that in the control group. Follow-up results demonstrated that overall survival rates and overall survival were significantly higher in the observation group (P<0.05). Conclusion Raltitrexed combined with oxaliplatin TACE demonstrates superior efficacy in treating unresectable HCC, improves liver function, and does not increase the risk of adverse reactions.

Application of Gd-BOPTA-enhanced MRI in qualitative diagnosis of liver nodules and assessment of microvascular invasion

Liu Yong, Yang Yujia, Zhang Zhuang, Xu Shujing

2026, 31(7):  1004-1009. 

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Objective To investigate the application of gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in qualitative diagnosis of liver nodules and assessment of microvascular invasion. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 337 patients with liver nodules admitted to the Qinhuangdao Second Hospital from February 2022 to January 2025. All patients underwent Gd-BOPTA-enhanced MRI scan. Pathological examination was used as the gold standard to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of Gd-BOPTA-enhanced MRI scan for benign and malignant liver nodules. According to pathological results, patients with malignant nodules were divided into positive and negative groups according to the situation of microvascular invasion. General information of the two groups and qualitative parameters of Gd-BOPTA-enhanced MRI scan were statistically analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of microvascular invasion, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to analyze the predictive efficacy of Gd-BOPTA-enhanced MRI scan for microvascular invasion. Results Pathological results showed that among the 337 patients, there were 266 cases of benign nodules and 71 cases of malignant nodules. Gd-BOPTA-enhanced MRI scan revealed 271 cases of benign nodules and 66 cases of malignant nodules among the 337 patients. The sensitivity, specificity, and kappa value of Gd-BOPTA-enhanced MRI scan for diagnosing the nature of liver nodules were 87.32%, 98.50%, and 0.881, respectively. Among the 71 patients with malignant liver nodules, there were 24 (33.80%) patients with microvascular invasion, while 47 (66.20%) had no microvascular invasion. The level of alpha fetoprotein in the positive group was significantly higher than that in the negative group (P<0.05). There were significant differences between the two groups in terms of peritumoral enhancement, condition of tumor edge, tumor capsule, and peritumoral low signal (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that irregular tumor edge and peritumoral low signal were risk factors for microvascular invasion in patients with liver nodules (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis results showed that the areas under the curve (AUCs) for predicting microvascular invasion of liver nodules with qualitative parameters of irregular tumor edge and peritumoral low signal were 0.642 (95%CI: 0.519~0.752) and 0.791 (95%CI: 0.678~0.879), respectively. In addition, the AUC of peritumoral low signal was greater, with a sensitivity of 62.50% and a specificity of 95.74%. Conclusion Gd-BOPTA-enhanced MRI scan has good application value in qualitative diagnosis of liver nodules. Its qualitative parameters, including irregular tumor edge and peritumoral low signal, are risk factors for microvascular invasion in patients with liver nodules, and demonstrate good efficacy in predicting microvascular invasion of liver nodules.

Analysis of the differential diagnostic value of CT and MRI features for multilocular hepatic cysts and hepatic mucinous cystic neoplasms

Yang Xiaoying, Yang Na

2026, 31(7):  1010-1014. 

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Objective To investigate the differential diagnostic value of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features in multilocular hepatic cysts and hepatic mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCN). Methods A total of 81 patients with multilocular hepatic cystic lesions admitted to our hospital from May 2022 to May 2024 were retrospectively included. According to pathological results, the patients were divided into a hepatic cyst group (n=49) and a hepatic MCN group (n=32). The clinical characteristics, CT, and MRI findings were compared between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine the factors associated with hepatic mucinous cystic neoplasm. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of CT and MRI features for hepatic MCN. Results The proportions of single cystic lesions, irregular cyst wall and septa, nodular protrusions of the cyst wall or septa, solid components with thickness >10 mm, septa with both ends connected to the cyst wall and septa originating from the cyst wall in the hepatic MCN group were 59.4%, 53.1%, 43.8%, 28.1%, 90.6%, and 81.2%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the hepatic cyst group (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the number of cystic lesions, septal type, and the relationship between septa and the cyst wall were influencing factors for hepatic MCN (P<0.05). ROC analysis showed that the combined prediction of the number of cystic lesions, septal type, and the relationship between septa and the cyst wall yielded an AUC of 0.897. Conclusion CT and MRI features have important value in the differential diagnosis of multilocular hepatic cysts and hepatic MCN. The number of cystic lesions, septal type, and the relationship between septa and the cyst wall are the main imaging factors influencing hepatic MCN, and their combined analysis can further improve the diagnostic efficacy for hepatic MCN.

Viral Hepatitis

Predictive value of urinary Netrin-1 and KIM-1 for renal injury induced by nucleotide analogs in patients with chronic hepatitis B

Li Ning, Wu Yan, Zhang Xiao, Cao Lei, Chi Hongzhi, Li Qinglu

2026, 31(7):  1015-1019. 

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Objective This study identifies the predictive performance of urinary Netrin-1 and kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) for renal injury related to nucleoside/nucleotide analog therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Methods A total of 180 patients with chronic hepatitis B were enrolled in Harrison International Peace Hospital between November 2020 and May 2022. Patients were divided into an observation group (120 cases) receiving nucleoside/nucleotide analogs and a control group (60 cases) without antiviral therapy. The observation group was further divided into a tenofovir group (n=48) and an entecavir group (n=72) according to medication use, and into a renal injury group (n=54) and a non-injury group (n=66) according to the occurrence of renal injury. Baseline characteristics, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urinary Netrin-1, and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) values were compared across groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to evaluate the predictive value of Netrin-1 and KIM-1. Results Baseline clinical characteristics did not differ significantly among the control group, tenofovir group, and entecavir group (P>0.05). Urinary Netrin-1 (500.30 ± 129.68 μg/L) and KIM-1 (100.04 ± 14.43 μg/L) in the renal injury group were significantly higher than those in the non-injury group (262.59 ± 98.42 μg/L and 76.24 ± 13.40 μg/L, respectively) (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that elevated urinary Netrin-1 (OR=1.013, 95%CI: 1.008~1.018) and KIM-1 (OR=1.100, 95%CI: 1.054~1.147) were independent risk factors for nucleos(t)ide analog-associated renal injury in patients with CHB (P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.908 for Netrin 1 and 0.857 for KIM 1. Combined detection increased the AUC to 0.946, which was superior to either marker alone. Conclusion Urinary Netrin 1 and KIM 1 serve as sensitive and reliable biomarkers for the early prediction of renal injury induced by nucleoside/nucleotide analogs in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Combined detection improves predictive accuracy and supports early clinical intervention.

Metabolic DysfunctionAssociated Steatotic Liver Disease

Changes in sex hormone and thyroid hormone levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and their clinical significance

Liu Yuhan, Zhang Jian, Wang Dingyuan, Wang Yong

2026, 31(7):  1020-1023. 

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Objective To investigate the patterns of sex hormone and thyroid hormone alterations in patients with T2DM complicated by NAFLD, and to examine their associations with metabolic and liver function indicators, thereby providing evidence for clinical assessment in this population. Methods A total of 122 individuals who attended outpatient clinics or underwent health examinations between January 2023 and May 2025 were enrolled in Feidong County Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital. According to the presence of T2DM and NAFLD, participants were divided into four groups: T2DM with NAFLD (n=42), NAFLD alone (n=24), T2DM alone (n=24), and healthy controls (n=32). General clinical characteristics, metabolic parameters, and levels of sex hormones and thyroid hormones were compared among groups. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to assess the relationships between hormone levels and body mass index (BMI), glycemic control, and liver function indices. Results Compared with the healthy control group, patients in the T2DM with NAFLD group exhibited significantly higher BMI, fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, transaminase levels, and triglyceride concentrations (P<0.05). Sex hormone analysis revealed that total testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels were significantly lower in the T2DM with NAFLD group than in the other groups (P<0.05), whereas estradiol levels were relatively elevated (P<0.05). With respect to thyroid function, patients with T2DM complicated by NAFLD showed increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and decreased free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels, while free thyroxine (FT4) levels remained unchanged. Correlation analysis demonstrated that total testosterone, SHBG, and FT3 levels were negatively correlated with BMI, HbA₁c, transaminases, and triglycerides, whereas TSH levels were positively correlated with these parameters. Conclusion Patients with T2DM complicated by NAFLD exhibit marked disturbances in sex hormone and thyroid hormone metabolism, which are closely associated with disordered glucose and lipid metabolism and impaired liver function. Assessment of sex hormone and thyroid hormone levels may help provide a more comprehensive evaluation of metabolic status and offer useful information for the integrated clinical management of these patients.

Noninvasive quantitative assessment of pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its severity using acoustic radiation force impulse imaging

Chen Xiaoyue, Sun Xin, Liu Yufang

2026, 31(7):  1024-1027. 

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Objective To investigate the clinical value of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging in pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and to evaluate its ability to noninvasively and quantitatively assess disease severity, particularly significant fibrosis. Methods A total of 84 pediatric subjects who underwent ARFI examination were analyzed in the Children′s Hospital of Soochow University, including a normal control group (n=12), a simple steatosis (NAFL) group (n=33), a nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) group without significant fibrosis (n=25), and a NASH group with significant fibrosis (n=14). Differences in ARFI-derived shear wave velocity (SWV) among groups were compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with significant fibrosis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of ARFI across different disease stages. Results Significant differences in ARFI-derived shear wave velocity (SWV) were observed among different disease stages (P<0.05). The mean ARFI values were (1.08±0.12) m/s in the control group, (1.24±0.15) m/s in the NAFL group, (1.48±0.18) m/s in the NASH group without significant fibrosis, and (1.86±0.22) m/s in the NASH group with significant fibrosis, showing a stepwise increase with disease severity. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that ARFI was an independent predictor of significant fibrosis (F≥2) (OR=1.42 , 95% CI: 1.18~1.71, P<0.001), whereas age, BMI, and ALT were not independently associated (all P>0.05). ROC analysis indicated that an ARFI cutoff value of 1.62 m/s yielded the best diagnostic performance for significant fibrosis, with an AUC of 0.91, sensitivity of 85.7%, and specificity of 88.4%. Conclusion ARFI enables noninvasive and quantitative assessment of liver stiffness changes across different stages of pediatric NAFLD and serves as an independent predictor of significant fibrosis, demonstrating high clinical value for disease severity assessment and risk stratification in pediatric NAFLD.

Effect of plasma cysteine/cystine redox potential on hepatic steatosis in mice with NAFLD

Guan Qinghua, Fu Yingzi, Huang Yanyu, Ding Qilong

2026, 31(7):  1028-1032. 

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Objective To investigate the effects and mechanism of plasma cysteine/cystine redox potential (Eh Cys/CySS) on hepatic steatosis in mice with NAFLD. Methods 64 ICR mice were randomly divided into 4 groups with 16 mice in each group, respectively the control, model, NAC-L and NAC-H group. The mice in the control group were fed with a normal chow diet while in the model group, the NAC-L group, and the NAC-H group were fed with a high-fat diet. The mice in the NAC-L and NAC-H groups received NAC daily by oral gavage at doses of 100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg, respectively. After 10 weeks, body weight change, liver weight and hepatic histopathological examination by oil red O staining were observed. The level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) , aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) in serum were measured by biochemical method. The levels of the oxidative product malondialdehyde (MDA) and the antioxidant substances superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) in liver tissue homogenate were measured by biochemical method. The plasma levels of cysteine (Cys) and cystine (CySS) were analyzed and calculated using the Nernst equation. The level of SREBP1 and PPARα protein were tested by western blot analysis. Results The NAFLD mice model was successfully established. Compared with control group, the model group mice showed significant increases in body weight change, liver weight, and liver index [(8.49(7.36,11.19) g/10w vs. 15.2(14.52,17.95) g/10w, (1.33±0.05) g vs. (1.69±0.06) g, (4.20±0.30) % vs. (4.42±0.33) %](all P<0.05). The liver lobes in model group appeared paler and greasier, liver sections stained with oil red O showed a marked increase in red lipid droplets. Compared with control group, levels of ALT, AST, TG and TC were significantly elevated (P<0.01 for all); the increase in MDA and the decrease in SOD and GSH were significant (P<0.01 for all); expression of SREBP1 was significantly increased [(0.732±0.010) vs. (1.872±0.058)](P<0.01), while the expression of PPARα was significantly decreased [(1.836±0.039) vs. (1.216±0.059)](P<0.01); Eh Cys/CySS in model group was significantly elevated [(-85.10±5.65) mV vs. (-74.02±11.75) mV](P<0.05). The NAC intervention results showed that, compared with the Model group, Eh Cys/CySS was significantly decreased [(-74.02±11.75) mV vs. (-86.85±8.30) mV, (-74.02±11.75) mV vs. (-105.83±4.10) mV](P<0.05); the liver lobes of mice in the NAC-H group appeared closer to the normal control group, with a significant reduction in red lipid droplets in oil red O staining. Compared with the model group, body weight change and liver weight were reduced significantly [15.20(14.52,17.95) g/10w vs. 13.90(12.60,15.94) g/10w, (1.69±0.06) g vs. (1.57±0.07) g](P<0.05), and the levels of ALT, AST, TG and TC in the NAC-H group were reduced significantly (P<0.05). No significant changes were observed in the NAC-L group. Compared with model group, the decrease in MDA and the increase in SOD and GSH in the NAC-L were significant (P<0.01 for all), which in the NAC-H were also significant (P<0.01 for all). SREBP1 expression was significantly decreased in the NAC-L and NAC-H groups, respectively [(1.872±0.058) vs. (1.218±0.007), (1.872±0.058) vs. (0.744±0.016)] (all P<0.01), and expressions of PPARα in NAC-L and NAC-H groups were significantly increased [(1.216±0.059) vs. (1.491±0.047), (1.216±0.059) vs. (1.617±0.034)](all P<0.01) compared with the model group. Conclusion A high-fat diet induces NAFLD in mice and oxidizes Eh Cys/CySS in plasma. NAC reduces plasma Eh Cys/CySS and affects hepatocellular lipid metabolism by modulating the expression of SREBP1 and PPARα proteins, thereby ameliorating NAFLD-related hepatic steatosis in mice.

Other Liver Diseases

Imaging features of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis

Cao Lijun, Yu Hailong, Li Wei

2026, 31(7):  1033-1034. 

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Objective To investigate the imaging features of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 48 cases of pathologically confirmed xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis diagnosed and treated at the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from July 2010 to July 2022. Their imaging features were analyzed and compared with surgical pathology findings. Results Among the cases, 42 (87.5%) exhibited wall-thickening type, 1 (2.08%) showed mass-forming type, and 5 (10.42%) presented intraluminal type. Diffuse wall thickening was observed in 36 cases (75%), intramural nodules in 31 cases (64.6%), intact mucosal line in 33 cases (68.8%), transient hepatic parenchymal enhancement in the arterial phase in 19 cases (39.6%), adjacent liver infiltration in 2 cases (4.2%), and gallbladder stones in 37 cases (77.1%). Intrahepatic bile duct dilation was noted in 10 cases (20.8%), and liver abscess occurred in 1 case (2.08%). Conclusion CT and MRI findings of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis show characteristic features. Proficient mastery of its imaging features can significantly improve the accuracy of preoperative differential diagnosis between it and gallbladder cancer, providing a basis for clinical surgery.

Clinical study of the effect of vascular access on double plasma molecular adsorption system (DPMAS) therapy in patients with liver failure

Jiang Ju, Hu Yanming, Tang Rujia, Zhou Xia, Yao Hongyu, Feng Danni, Wang Kaili, Liu Hongling

2026, 31(7):  1035-1038. 

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Objective To investigate the impact of vascular access on the clinical efficacy and safety of double plasma molecular adsorption system (DPMAS) therapy in patients with liver failure. Methods A total of 133 patients with liver failure who underwent DPMAS therapy at the Fifth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital between January 2021 and June 2022 were enrolled. They were divided into a catheter group (internal jugular vein catheter) and a puncture group (direct arteriovenous puncture) based on vascular access type. Pre- and post-treatment biochemical, coagulation, and safety parameters were compared. Results Both catheterization and puncture groups achieved favorable clinical outcomes, with response rates of 72.46% and 73.44% respectively (P=0.764). INR increased markedly, whereas ALT, DBil, and TBil levels decreased significantly after treatment in both groups; however, the between-group differences in changes from baseline were not statistically significant (P>0.05). During artificial liver treatment, blood flow rate and plasma adsorption volume were lower in the puncture group than in the catheterization group (P=0.001 and 0.007 respectively). Regarding adverse reactions and safety indicators, the incidence rate in the puncture group reached 78.00%, markedly higher than the catheter group (39.13%). Puncture-site bleeding and insufficient blood flow/puncture failure were significantly more frequent in the puncture group than in the catheter group (P values 0.012 and 0.009, respectively). Conclusion Both internal jugular vein catheterization and arteriovenous puncture are viable options for DPMAS therapy in patients with hepatic failure. Healthcare professionals should select the optimal access route based on the patient′s vascular condition, treatment frequency, coagulation status, and their own technical proficiency and preferences.

Relationship between APRIL and BAFF mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and clinical characteristics in patients with autoimmune hepatitis

Yin Mingyue, Xu Saihua, Jiang Lili, Zhang Liuchao, Xue Xuefeng, Zhou Yali

2026, 31(7):  1039-1043. 

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Objective The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) and B-cell activating factor (BAFF) mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and clinical characteristics in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Methods A total of 56 patients with AIH admitted from January 2021 to December 2024 in Qidong People′s Hospital were selected as the study subjects. All patients received clinical standard therapy and their biochemical response was evaluated after 6 months of continuous treatment. Those who achieved a biochemical response were included in response group, otherwise they were included in non-response group. The relative expression levels of APRIL and BAFF mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were detected by fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription PCR. The clinical data and mRNA levels of APRIL and BAFF in the two groups were compared. The correlations between clinically significant variables and APRIL and BAFF mRNA levels were analyzed. Results After treatment, Thirty-seven patients with AIH showed biochemical response, with a biochemical response rate of 66.07%, and were classified as response group, while the remaining 19 cases were classified as non-response group. The proportion of cases with concurrent cirrhosis in the non-response group was 57.89%(11/19), which was higher than that in response group (27.03%, 10/37) (P<0.05); the mean platelet volume (MPV), total bilirubin level (TBil), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) level in non-response group were (10.5±1.8) fL, (48.7±7.4) μmol/L, and (25.8±4.7) g/L, respectively, which were higher than those in response group [(8.6±1.5) fL, (43.9±6.9) μmol/L, and (21.4±4.1) g/L, respectively] (P<0.05); the platelet count (PLT) and albumin (Alb) levels in non-response group were (105.2±17.5) × 10⁹/L and (34.6±3.8) g/L, respectively, which were lower than those in response group [(132.3±22.9) × 10⁹/L and (38.7±4.3) g/L, respectively] (P<0.05). Compared with response group, the relative expression levels of APRIL and BAFF mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of non-response group were higher (P<0.05). The expression levels of APRIL and BAFF mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of AIH patients were positively correlated with MPV and IgG levels (P<0.05), and negatively correlated with PLT and ALB levels (P<0.05). Conclusion The abnormal elevation of APRIL and BAFF mRNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of AIH patients is related to their lack of biochemical response after treatment, and their levels are correlated with the patients′ condition.