Abstract: Objective To evaluate the importance of liver biopsy through case analysis of liver tissue pathology examination. Methods A total of 123 patients hospitalized in the Qinhuai Campus of the Eastern Theater Command General Hospital from January 2023 to January 2024 were collected. To identify the characteristics of each case, the proportion of each case, puncture complications, biochemical and pathological indicators of most cases were statistically analyzed. Results Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in drug-induced hepatitis cases (361±461 U/L) were significantly higher than those in autoimmune hepatitis (105±94 U/L), liver dysfunction cases (69±48 U/L), compensated cirrhosis cases (56±72 U/L), and fatty liver disease cases (70±51 U/L) (all P<0.05).Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in drug-induced hepatitis cases (161±138 U/L) were significantly elevated compared to liver dysfunction cases (45±34 U/L), compensated cirrhosis cases (56±73 U/L), and fatty liver disease cases (45±25 U/L) (all P<0.05).Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) showed significant differences between: fatty liver disease cases (90±40 U/L) and autoimmune hepatitis cases (182±154 U/L); and between drug-induced hepatitis cases (254±315 U/L) and liver dysfunction cases (120±61 U/L) (both P<0.05). Albumin levels in fatty liver disease cases (45±3 g/L) were significantly higher than in autoimmune hepatitis cases (42±5 g/L), compensated cirrhosis cases (40±4 g/L), and drug-induced hepatitis cases (39±3 g/L) (all P<0.05). Additionally, compensated cirrhosis cases differed significantly from liver dysfunction cases (44±7 g/L) (P<0.05).Triglyceride levels in fatty liver disease cases (2.32±1.25 mmol/L) were significantly elevated compared to autoimmune hepatitis cases (1.43±0.55 mmol/L), liver dysfunction cases (1.39±0.81 mmol/L), and compensated cirrhosis cases (1.25±0.71 mmol/L) (all P<0.05).Cholinesterase activity in fatty liver disease cases (9 913±1 684 U/L) differed significantly from liver dysfunction cases (7 243±3 206 U/L), compensated cirrhosis cases (6 365±275 U/L), and drug-induced hepatitis cases (P<0.05).Total cholesterol levels differed significantly between fatty liver disease cases (4.83±0.98 mmol/L) and compensated cirrhosis cases (3.82±0.71 mmol/L) (P<0.05).Total bilirubin levels in fatty liver disease cases (14±5 μmol/L) were significantly different from compensated cirrhosis cases (22±14 μmol/L) and drug-induced hepatitis cases (26±12 μmol/L) (both P<0.05).For histological inflammation grade (G-score):Liver dysfunction cases (1.42±0.96) differed from autoimmune hepatitis cases (2.55±0.63) and compensated cirrhosis cases (2.38±1.02).Fatty liver disease cases (1.53±0.83) differed from autoimmune hepatitis and compensated cirrhosis cases.Drug-induced hepatitis cases (2.70±0.67) differed from both liver dysfunction and fatty liver disease cases (all P<0.05).For histological fibrosis stage (S-score):Liver dysfunction cases (1.37±1.16) differed from autoimmune hepatitis cases (2.38±1.15).Compensated cirrhosis cases (3.31±1.01) differed from autoimmune hepatitis, liver dysfunction, fatty liver disease (1.73±1.22), and drug-induced hepatitis cases (all P<0.05). Conclusion Liver puncture showed an overall favorable safety profile with manageable risks. Pathological analysis of liver puncture patients is extremely important for understanding the disease status, prognosis judgment, scientific research, and other aspects, and is worthy for widespread clinical research.

Key words: Liver puncture, Pathological examination, Different types of liver diseases