Abstract: Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is the major route of transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV), especially areas withhigh prevalence rates. Injection of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and hepatitis B vaccine for infants at birth, followed by completevaccination, can prevent HBV transmission to infants in 95% of HBsAg-positive mothers. However, immunoprophylaxis failure is still observed in 5%~10% infants born to mothers with high-level viremia. It has been demonstrated that nucleos(t) ide analogues for pregnant women with a high viral load in late pregnancy as antiviral therapy can further reduce MTCT of HBV. This article discusses the criteria of antiviral therapy for the prevention of MTCT, including the threshold of HBV DNA level in pregnant women, time of the start of treatment, time of drug withdrawal, type of drugs, and inoculation route of hepatitis B vaccine.

Key words: Hepatitis B virus, Mother-to-child transmission, Immunoglobulins, Hepatitis B vaccines