Abstract: Objective To investigate the underlying causes and delineate the clinical features of injury in patients with hyperthyroidism (HT). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 113 HT patients admitted to the Central Hospital of Nanhua University from May 2019 to May 2023. Patients were categorized into two groups: those with liver injury (66 cases) and those without(47 cases), Comparative analysis covered clinical indicators, liver and thyroid function parameters and complication rates between the groups. Results In this study, the liver injury group showed higher average age (44.7±5.7 years vs. 36.5±5.2 years), longer disease duratic(4.4±1.3 years vs. 2.4±0.7 years) , and elevated basal metabolic rate(33.5±10.5% vs. 26.1±8.8%), with all differences reaching statistical significant (P<0.05). Liver function tests revelaed markedly elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glutamyltransferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin (TBiL) in the liver injury group compraed to controls, with values of (96.6±28.4) U/L vs. (43.8±13.5) U/L, (113.2±35.5) U/L vs. (47.8±16.8) U/L, (71.2±9.3) U/L vs. (33.3±7.5) U/L, (162.8±34.3) U/L vs. (75.3±21.7) U/L, (33.5±8.8) μmol/L vs. (17.4±5.3) μmol/L, repectively, indicating significant liver dysfunction (P<0.05). Thyroid fucntion tests also showed significant differences, with free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3), and tetraiodothyronine (T4) levels all higher in the liver injury group[(19.3±6.4) pmol/L vs. 13.7±4.1) pmol/L, (86.7±25.3) pmol/L vs. (35.6±11.2) pmol/L, (7.8±2.1) nmol/L vs. (5.4±1.8) nmol/L, (253.7±19.5) nmol/L vs. (216.8±17.8) nmol/L], highlighting the impact of liver injurt on thyroid fuction(P<0.05). Furthermore, the total complication rate was significantly higher in the liver injury group(33.3%) compared to the uncomplicated liver injury group(14.9%), underscoring the clinical relevance of liver injurt in hyperthyroidism management(P<0.05). Conclusion HT patients, those with prolonged disease duration, and those exhibitaing reduced basal metabolic rates demonstrated a higher susceptibility to liver injury. HT individuals presenting with concurrent liver damgae exhibit notably poorer liver and thyroid functions and face a higher incidence of clinical complications. These findings underscore the importance of early diagnosis and timely intervention, emphasizing the necessity for targeted symptomatic treatment to mitigate the adverse outcomes associated with HT and liver injury.

Key words: Hyperthyroidism, Liver injury, Causes, Clinical features