[1] Liu H, Jayakumar S, Traboulsi M, et al. Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy: Implications for liver transplantation. Liver Transpl,2017,23:826-835.
[2] Yoon KT, Liu H, Lee SS. Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy. Curr Gastroenterol Rep,2020,22:45.
[3] Cahill PA, Redmond EM, Hodges R, et al. Increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity in the hyperemic vessels of portal hypertensive rats. J Hepatol,1996,25:370-378.
[4] Moller S, Henriksen JH. Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy: a pathophysiological review of circulatory dysfunction in liver disease. Heart,2002,87:9-15.
[5] Moller S, Henriksen JH. Cardiovascular complications of cirrhosis. Postgrad Med J,2009,85:44-54.
[6] Moller S, Burchardt H, Ogard CG, et al. Pulmonary blood volume and transit time in cirrhosis: relation to lung function. Liver Int,2006,26:1072-1078.
[7] Schrier RW. Water and sodium retention in edematous disorders: role of vasopressin and aldosterone. Am J Med,2006,119:S47-53.
[8] Brinch K, Moller S, Bendtsen F, et al. Plasma volume expansion by albumin in cirrhosis. Relation to blood volume distribution, arterial compliance and severity of disease. J Hepatol, 2003,39:24-31.
[9] Gould L, Shariff M, Zahir M, et al. Cardiac hemodynamics in alcoholic patients with chronic liver disease and a presystolic gallop. J Clin Invest,1969,48:860-868.
[10] Wong F, Girgrah N, Graba J, et al. The cardiac response to exercise in cirrhosis. Gut, 2001,49:268-275.
[11] Baldassarre M, Giannone FA, Napoli L, et al. The endocannabinoid system in advanced liver cirrhosis: pathophysiological implication and future perspectives. Liver Int,2013,33:1298-1308.
[12] Gerbes AL, Remien J, Jungst D, et al. Evidence for down-regulation of beta-2-adrenoceptors in cirrhotic patients with severe ascites. Lancet,1986,1:1409-1411.
[13] Hausdorff WP, Caron MG, Lefkowitz RJ. Turning off the signal: desensitization of beta-adrenergic receptor function. FASEB J,1990,4:2881-2889.
[14] Little WC, Kitzman DW, Cheng CP. Diastolic dysfunction as a cause of exercise intolerance. Heart Fail Rev,2000,5(4):301-306,
[15] Ortiz-Olvera NX, Castellanos-Pallares G, Gomez-Jimenez LM, et al. Anatomical cardiac alterations in liver cirrhosis: an autopsy study. Ann Hepatol,2011,10:321-326.
[16] Wiest R, Garcia-Tsao G. Bacterial translocation (BT) in cirrhosis. Hepatology,2005,41:422-433.
[17] Karagiannakis DS, Vlachogiannakos J, Anastasiadis G, et al. Frequency and severity of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy and its possible relationship with bacterial endotoxemia. Dig Dis Sci, 2013,58:3029-3036.
[18] Bernardi M, Maggioli C, Dibra V, et al. QT interval prolongation in liver cirrhosis: innocent bystander or serious threat? Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol,2012,6:57-66.
[19] Zambruni A, Di Micoli A, Lubisco A, et al. QT interval correction in patients with cirrhosis. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol,2007,18:77-82.
[20] Ytting H, Henriksen JH, Fuglsang S, et al. Prolonged Q-T(c) interval in mild portal hypertensive cirrhosis. J Hepatol,2005,43:637-644.
[21] Hendrickse MT, Triger DR. Peripheral and cardiovascular autonomic impairment in chronic liver disease: prevalence and relation to hepatic function. J Hepatol,1992,16:177-183.
[22] Gassanov N, Caglayan E, Semmo N, et al. Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy: a cardiologist's perspective. World J Gastroenterol,2014,20:15492-15498.
[23] Moller S, Henriksen JH. Cardiovascular complications of cirrhosis. Gut,2008,57:268-278.
[24] Izzy M, VanWagner LB, Lin G, et al. Redefining Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy for the Modern Era. Hepatology,2020,71:334-345.
[25] Rabie RN, Cazzaniga M, Salerno F, et al. The use of E/A ratio as a predictor of outcome in cirrhotic patients treated with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Am J Gastroenterol, 2009,104:2458-2466.
[26] Garcia MJ. Comprehensive echocardiographic assessment of diastolic function. Heart Fail Clin, 2006,2:163-178.
[27] Malik V, Subramaniam A, Kapoor PM. Strain and strain rate: An emerging technology in the perioperative period. Ann Card Anaesth, 2016,19:112-121.
[28] Lang RM, Badano LP, Mor-Avi V, et al. Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr,2015,28:1-39 e14.
[29] Nazar A, Guevara M, Sitges M, et al. LEFT ventricular function assessed by echocardiography in cirrhosis: relationship to systemic hemodynamics and renal dysfunction. J Hepatol, 2013,58:51-57.
[30] Premkumar M, Rangegowda D, Kajal K, et al. Noninvasive estimation of intravascular volume status in cirrhosis by dynamic size and collapsibility indices of the inferior vena cava using bedside echocardiography. JGH Open,2019,3:322-328.
[31] Henriksen JH, Gotze JP, Fuglsang S, et al. Increased circulating pro-brain natriuretic peptide (proBNP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in patients with cirrhosis: relation to cardiovascular dysfunction and severity of disease. Gut,2003,52:1511-1517.
[32] Raedle-Hurst TM, Welsch C, Forestier N, et al. Validity of N-terminal propeptide of the brain natriuretic peptide in predicting left ventricular diastolic dysfunction diagnosed by tissue Doppler imaging in patients with chronic liver disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2008,20:865-873.
[33] Saner FH, Neumann T, Canbay A, et al. High brain-natriuretic peptide level predicts cirrhotic cardiomyopathy in liver transplant patients. Transpl Int,2011,24:425-432.
[34] Premkumar M, Rangegowda D, Vyas T, et al. Carvedilol Combined With Ivabradine Improves Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction, Clinical Progression, and Survival in Cirrhosis. J Clin Gastroenterol, 2020,54:561-568.
[35] Tripathi D, Hayes PC. The role of carvedilol in the management of portal hypertension. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol,2010,;22:905-911.
[36] Pozzi M, Grassi G, Ratti L, et al. Cardiac, neuroadrenergic, and portal hemodynamic effects of prolonged aldosterone blockade in postviral child A cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100:1110-1116.
[37] Cheitlin MD. Ivabradine and outcomes in chronic heart failure (SHIFT): a randomised placebo-controlled study. Yearbook of Medicine 2011;2011:397-399. |
