[1] Sanyal A J, Van Natta M L, Clark J, et al. Prospective study of outcomes in adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. N Engl J Med, 2021,385(17):1559-1569. [2] 刘玉硕, 马申, 轩秋慧, 等. 治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝病的调节代谢类药物临床试验研究进展. 中国新药杂志, 2022,31(16):1584-1594. [3] Noureddin M, Sanyal A J. Pathogenesis of NASH: The impact of multiple pathways. Curr Hepatol Rep, 2018,17(4):350-360. [4] Johnston M P, Patel J, Byrne C D. Multi-drug approaches to NASH: what's in the development pipeline?. Expert Opin Investig Drugs, 2020,29(2):143-150. [5] 王铁钢, 李小明, 朱丹阳. 不同肝组织学特征非肥胖型NAFLD患者磁共振质子密度脂肪分数表现. 肝脏, 2022,27(05):573-575. [6] 宁会彬, 毛重山, 肖二辉, 等. 脂肪衰减参数在脂肪肝诊断中价值及相关因素分析. 中华实用诊断与治疗杂志, 2014,28(12):1190-1191. [7] Doulberis M, Kotronis G, Gialamprinou D, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: An update with special focus on the role of gut microbiota. Metabolism, 2017,71:182-197. [8] Betrapally N S, Gillevet P M, Bajaj J S. Changes in the intestinal microbiome and alcoholic and nonalcoholic liver diseases: causes or effects?. Gastroenterology, 2016,150(8):1745-1755. [9] Boursier J, Mueller O, Barret M, et al. The severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with gut dysbiosis and shift in the metabolic function of the gut microbiota. Hepatology, 2016,63(3):764-775. [10] Loomba R, Seguritan V, Li W, et al. Gut microbiome-based metagenomic signature for non-invasive detection of advanced fibrosis in human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Cell Metab, 2019,30(3):607. [11] Schnabl B, Brenner D A. Interactions between the intestinal microbiome and liver diseases. Gastroenterology, 2014,146(6):1513-1524. [12] Bashiardes S, Shapiro H, Rozin S, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver and the gut microbiota. Mol Metab, 2016,5(9):782-794. [13] Leung C, Rivera L, Furness J B, et al. The role of the gut microbiota in NAFLD. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2016,13(7):412-425. [14] Balakumar M, Prabhu D, Sathishkumar C, et al. Improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity by probiotic strains of Indian gut origin in high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice. Eur J Nutr, 2018,57(1):279-295. [15] Ridaura V K, Faith J J, Rey F E, et al. Gut microbiota from twins discordant for obesity modulate metabolism in mice. Science, 2013,341(6150):1241214. [16] Loguercio C, Federico A, Tuccillo C, et al. Beneficial effects of a probiotic VSL#3 on parameters of liver dysfunction in chronic liver diseases. J Clin Gastroenterol, 2005,39(6):540-543. [17] Lynch S V, Pedersen O. The human intestinal microbiome in health and disease. N Engl J Med, 2016,375(24):2369-2379. [18] Allegretti J R, Kassam Z, Hurtado J, et al. Impact of fecal microbiota transplantation with capsules on the prevention of metabolic syndrome among patients with obesity. Hormones (Athens), 2021,20(1):209-211. [19] Cani P D, Amar J, Iglesias M A, et al. Metabolic endotoxemia initiates obesity and insulin resistance. Diabetes, 2007,56(7):1761-1772. [20] Biolato M, Manca F, Marrone G, et al. Intestinal permeability after mediterranean diet and low-fat diet in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol, 2019,25(4):509-520. [21] Mohamad N M, Ayob N, Mokhtar N M, et al. The Effect of Probiotics (MCP((R)) BCMC((R)) Strains) on Hepatic Steatosis, Small Intestinal Mucosal Immune Function, and Intestinal Barrier in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients, 2021,13(9). [22] Craven L, Rahman A, Nair P S, et al. Allogenic fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease improves abnormal small intestinal permeability: a randomized control trial. Am J Gastroenterol, 2020,115(7):1055-1065. [23] Krawczyk M, Maciejewska D, Ryterska K, et al. Gut permeability might be improved by dietary fiber in individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) undergoing weight reduction. Nutrients, 2018,10(11):1793. [24] Scorletti E, Afolabi P R, Miles E A, et al. Design and rationale of the INSYTE study: a randomised, placebo controlled study to test the efficacy of a synbiotic on liver fat, disease biomarkers and intestinal microbiota in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Contemp Clin Trials, 2018,71:113-123. [25] Younossi Z M, Golabi P, de Avila L, et al. The global epidemiology of NAFLD and NASH in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hepatol, 2019,71(4):793-801. [26] Chong P L, Laight D, Aspinall R J, et al. A randomised placebo controlled trial of VSL#3((R)) probiotic on biomarkers of cardiovascular risk and liver injury in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. BMC Gastroenterol, 2021,21(1):144. [27] Alisi A, Bedogni G, Baviera G, et al. Randomised clinical trial: The beneficial effects of VSL#3 in obese children with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2014,39(11):1276-1285. [28] Flint A, Andersen G, Hockings P, et al. Randomised clinical trial: semaglutide versus placebo reduced liver steatosis but not liver stiffness in subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2021,54(9):1150-1161. [29] Li S, Liu J, Wang Z, et al. The promising role of probiotics/prebiotics/synbiotics in energy metabolism biomarkers in patients with NAFLD: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health, 2022,10:862266. [30] 亓传旺. 双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊对非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者肠道菌群及血脂影响的临床研究. 医学食疗与健康, 2022,20(21):42-45. [31] 林海燕, 沈林, 孔德钱. 双歧杆菌四联活菌片联合生活方式干预治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝病的临床研究. 中国医药科学, 2021,11(07):203-206. [32] Ahn S B, Jun D W, Kang B K, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of a multispecies probiotic mixture in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Sci Rep, 2019,9(1):5688. [33] Bomhof M R, Parnell J A, Ramay H R, et al. Histological improvement of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with a prebiotic: a pilot clinical trial. Eur J Nutr, 2019,58(4):1735-1745. [34] Xue L, Deng Z, Luo W, et al. Effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized clinical trial. Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 2022,12:759306. [35] Scorletti E, Afolabi P R, Miles E A, et al. Synbiotics alter fecal microbiomes, but not liver fat or fibrosis, in a randomized trial of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology, 2020,158(6):1597-1610. [36] Ekhlasi G, Zarrati M, Agah S, et al. Effects of symbiotic and vitamin E supplementation on blood pressure, nitric oxide and inflammatory factors in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Excli J, 2017,16:278-290. [37] Kobyliak N, Abenavoli L, Mykhalchyshyn G, et al. A Multi-strain Probiotic Reduces the Fatty Liver Index, Cytokines and Aminotransferase levels in NAFLD Patients: Evidence from a Randomized Clinical Trial. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis, 2018,27(1):41-49. |