[1] Veeck J, Dahl E. Targeting the Wnt pathway in cancer: The emerging role of Dickkopf-3. Biochim Biophys Acta, 2012,1825:18-28. [2] Krupnik VE, Sharp JD, Jiang C, et al. Functional and structural diversity of the human Dickkopf gene family. Gene, 1999,238:301-313. [3] Jiang T, Huang L, Wang S, et al. Clinical significance of serum Dkk-3 in patients with gynecological cancer. J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 2010,36:769-773. [4] Wilusz M, Majka M. Role of the Wnt/β-catenin network in regulating hematopoiesis. Arch Immunol Ther Exp, 2008,56:257-266. [5] Issack PS, Helfet DL, Lane JM. Role of Wnt signaling in bone remodeling and repair. HSS J, 2008,4:66-70. [6] Takata A, Terauchi M, Hiramitsu S, et al. Dkk-3 induces apoptosis through mitochondrial and fas death receptor pathways in human mucinous ovarian cancer cells. Int J Gynecol Cancer, 2015,25:372-379. [7] Brott BK, Sokol SY. Regulation of Wnt/LRP signaling by distinct domains of Dickkopf proteins. Mol Cell Biol, 2002,22:6100-6110. [8] Kano J, Ishiyama T, Iijima T, et al. Differentially expressed genes in a porcine adult hepatic stem-like cell line and their expression in developing and regenerating liver. Lab Invest, 2008,88:132-143. [9] Lee E, Jo M, Rho SB, et al. Dkk3, downregulated in cervical cancer, functions as a negative regulator of β-catenin. Int J Cancer, 2009,124:287-297. [10] Fatima S. Dickkopfs and Wnt/β-catenin signalling in liver cancer. World J Clin Oncol, 2011,2:311. [11] Fatima S, Luk JM, Poon RT, et al. Dysregulated expression of dickkopfs for potential detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Expert Rev Mol Diagn, 2014,14:535-548. [12] Hsieh S, Hsieh P, Chiu C, et al. Dickkopf-3/REIC functions as a suppressor gene of tumor growth. Oncogene, 2004,23:9183. [13] Calvisi DF, Ladu S, Gorden A, et al. Mechanistic and prognostic significance of aberrant methylation in the molecular pathogenesis of human hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Invest, 2007,117:2713-2722. [14] Yang B. Methylation of Dickkopf-3 as a prognostic factor in cirrhosis-related hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol, 2010,16:755. [15] Untergasser G, Steurer M, Zimmermann M, et al. The Dickkopf-homolog 3 is expressed in tumor endothelial cells and supports capillary formation. Int J Cancer, 2008,122:1539-1547. [16] Nozaki I, Tsuji T, Iijima O, et al. Reduced expression of REIC/Dkk-3 gene in non-small cell lung cancer. Int J Oncol, 2001,19:117-121. [17] Sharma S, Kelly TK, Jones PA. Epigenetics in cancer. Carcinogenesis, 2010,31:27-36. [18] Yue W, Sun Q, Dacic S, et al. Downregulation of Dkk3 activates -catenin/TCF-4 signaling in lung cancer. Carcinogenesis, 2007,29:84-92. [19] Zhang X, Lou Y, Zheng X, et al. Wnt blockers inhibit the proliferation of lung cancer stem cells. Drug Des Devel Ther, 2015,9:2399-2407. [20] Abarzua F, Sakaguchi M, Takaishi M, et al. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of REIC/Dkk-3 selectively induces apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells through activation of c-Jun-NH2-kinase. Cancer Res, 2005,65:9617-9622. [21] Romero D, Kawano Y, Bengoa N, et al. Downregulation of Dickkopf-3 disrupts prostate acinar morphogenesis through TGF-beta/Smad signalling. J Cell Sci, 2013,126:1858-1867. [22] Zenzmaier C, Heitz M, Klocker H, et al. Elevated levels of Dickkopf-related protein 3 in seminal plasma of prostate cancer patients. J Transl Med, 2011,9:193. [23] Kawauchi K, Watanabe M, Kaku H, et al. Preclinical safety and efficacy of in situ REIC/Dkk-3 gene therapy for prostate cancer. Acta Med Okayama, 2012,66:7-16. [24] Xiang T, Li L, Yin X, et al. Epigenetic silencing of the WNT antagonist Dickkopf 3 disrupts normal Wnt/β-catenin signalling and apoptosis regulation in breast cancer cells. J Cell Mol Med, 2013,17:1236-1246. [25] Malekar P, Hagenmueller M, Anyanwu A, et al. Wnt signaling is critical for maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy and accelerates myocardial remodeling. Hypertension, 2010,55:939-945. [26] 张魄, 王志禄, 石守兰, 等. 家族聚集性高血压Wnt信号通路基因表达的研究. 中国危重病急救医学, 2011,23:349-351. [27] Bao M, Cai Z, Zhang X, et al. Dickkopf-3 protects against cardiac dysfunction and ventricular remodelling following myocardial infarction. Basic Res Cardiol, 2015,110:25. [28] Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zhu XH, et al. Dickkopf-3 attenuates pressure overload-induced cardiac remodelling. Cardiovasc Res, 2014,102:35-45. |