[1] Guarner C, Runyon BA. Macrophage function in cirrhosis and the risk of bacterial infection. Hepatology,1995,22:367-369.
[2] Gomez F, Ruiz P, Schreiber AD. Impaired function of macrophage Fc gamma receptors and bacterial infection in alcoholic cirrhosis. N Engl J Med,1994,331:1122-1128.
[3] Jalan R, Fernandez J, Wiest R, et al. Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: a position statement based on the EASL Special Conference 2013. J Hepatol,2014,60:1310-1324.
[4] Grgurevic I, Trkulja V, Bozin T, et al. Infection as a predictor of mortality in decompensated liver cirrhosis: exploring the relationship to severity of liver failure. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol,2019.
[5] Bajaj JS, O'Leary JG, Reddy KR, et al. Survival in infection-related acute-on-chronic liver failure is defined by extrahepatic organ failures. Hepatology,2014,60:250-256.
[6] Volk ML, Tocco RS, Bazick J, et al. Hospital readmissions among patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol,2012,107:247-252.
[7] Fernandez J, Bert F, Nicolas-Chanoine MH. The challenges of multi-drug-resistance in hepatology. J Hepatol,2016,65:1043-1054.
[8] Fernandez J, Prado V, Trebicka J, et al. Multidrug-resistant bacterial infections in patients with decompensated cirrhosis and with acute-on-chronic liver failure in Europe. J Hepatol, 2019,70:398-411.
[9] Fernandez J, Acevedo J, Castro M, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of infections by multiresistant bacteria in cirrhosis: a prospective study. Hepatology,2012,55:1551-1561.
[10] Rimola A, Garcia-Tsao G, Navasa M, et al. Diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a consensus document. International Ascites Club. J Hepatol,2000,32:142-153.
[11] Piano S, Singh V, Caraceni P, et al. Epidemiology and Effects of Bacterial Infections in Patients With Cirrhosis Worldwide. Gastroenterology,2019,156:1368-1380.e10.
[12] Mucke MM, Rumyantseva T, Mucke VT, et al. Bacterial infection-triggered acute-on-chronic liver failure is associated with increased mortality. Liver Int,2018,38:645-653.
[13] Arabi YM, Dara SI, Memish Z, et al. Antimicrobial therapeutic determinants of outcomes from septic shock among patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 2012;56:2305-2315.
[14] Cederholm T, Barazzoni R, Austin P, et al. ESPEN guidelines on definitions and terminology of clinical nutrition. Clin Nutr,2017,36:49-64.
[15] Sun X, Duan X, Wang C, et al. Protective effects of glycyrrhizic acid against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Eur J Pharmacol,2017,806:75-82.
[16] Polyak SJ, Ferenci P, Pawlotsky JM. Hepatoprotective and antiviral functions of silymarin components in hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatology,2013,57:1262-1271.
[17] Terrault NA, Bzowej NH, Chang K-M, et al. AASLD guidelines for treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology,2016,63:261-283.
[18] Cao Z, Liu Y, Wang S, et al. The impact of HBV flare on the outcome of HBV-related decompensated cirrhosis patients with bacterial infection. Liver Int 2019;39:1943-1953.
[19] Hepatitis C guidance: AASLD-IDSA recommendations for testing, managing, and treating adults infected with hepatitis C virus. Hepatology,2015,62:932-954.
[20] Higuera-de la Tijera F, Servin-Caamano AI, Serralde-Zuniga AE, et al. Metadoxine improves the three- and six-month survival rates in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis. World J Gastroenterol,2015,21:4975-4985.
[21] Kazatchkine MD, Kaveri SV. Immunomodulation of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases with intravenous immune globulin. N Engl J Med,2001,345:747-755.
[22] Kedarisetty CK, Anand L, Bhardwaj A, et al. Combination of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and erythropoietin improves outcomes of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Gastroenterology,2015,148:1362-1370.e7.
[23] Victor DW, 3rd, Quigley EM. Microbial therapy in liver disease: probiotics probe the microbiome-gut-liver-brain axis. Gastroenterology,2014,147:1216-1218.
[24] Shayto RH, Abou Mrad R, Sharara AI. Use of rifaximin in gastrointestinal and liver diseases. World J Gastroenterol,2016,22:6638-6651.
[25] Zhou F, Peng Z, Murugan R, et al. Blood purification and mortality in sepsis: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Crit Care Med,2013,41:2209-2220.
[26] Iqbal S, Smith KA, Khungar V. Hepatopulmonary Syndrome and Portopulmonary Hypertension: Implications for Liver Transplantation. Clin Chest Med,2017,38:785-795. |
