Abstract: Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and to evaluate the predictive value of HIV infection on the prognosis of PLA. Methods We performed a single-center retrospective study of 139 patients with PLA in Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2016 to December 2019. Differences were compared among patients with /without HIV infection. Risk factors for poor prognosis of patients with PLA within 30 days were evaluated. Results Patients with HIV infection had a poor outcome than patients without HIV infection (P=0.023). The positive rates of bacteria culture were 18.2% (22/121) in blood and 24.7% (24/97) in pus. Klebsiella pneumoniae accounted for 12.5% (1/8) in HIV group and 92.1% (35/38) in non-HIV group, respectively (P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that older age (OR=1.048, 95% CI: 1.010-1.087, P=0.012), HIV infection (OR=4.264, 95% CI: 1.647-11.041, P=0.003), multiple abscesses (OR=3.157,95% CI: 1.265-7.882, P=0.014), and increased total bilirubin (OR=1.027,95% CI: 1.003-1.051, P=0.025) were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in PLA patients. Conclusion It seems that HIV infection can predict the short-term prognosis of PLA in clinical practice.

Key words: Human immunodeficiency virus, pyogenic liver abscess, Poor prognosis